Jonathan is about 55 when his son Mephibosheth is born. Observations on the Relationship Between David and Jonathan and the Debate on Homosexuality, Markus Zehnder, Observations on the Relationship between David and Jonathan and the Debate on Homosexuality, Westminster Theological Journal 69.1 [2007]: 127174), Edelman, Diana. There is a higher form of love that is not sexual. "As we have noticed, the attraction of Jonathan to David begins almost immediately as Saul is delighted in his new companion.We are told: "When David had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David" (1 Sam 18:1). Here is the Bible bearing witness to love between two people of the same gender. In verse 3, the Hebrew word translated as loved in verse 1 is ahaba. Those who want to see same sex behavior in this passage have chosen to embed that viewpoint in these verses. Sanhedrin, fol. The NIV footnotes explains that the translators have assumed that Acts 13:21 is giving a round number when it says he only reigned for 40 years. In our last lesson we were introduced to a king after Gods own heart. Mephibosheth is born when Jonathan is about 25, again a reasonable value. [46], In platonic respects, such as in sacrificial loyalty and zeal for the kingdom, Jonathan's love is seen as surpassing that of romantic or erotic affection,[47] especially that of the women David had known up until that time. After the wedding, the disappointed Saul sends assassins to the newlyweds quarters, but David escapes with the help of Michol. Who is a believers friend? WebJonathan is about 18 at the start of Sauls reign, and David is 30 at the end of it, so David is about 10 years older than Jonathan. You [David] are not able to go out against [Goliath] and fight him: you are only a boy, and he has been a fighting man from his youth. [9][bettersourceneeded] David's abundance of wives and concubines is emphasized, alongside his adulterous affair with Bathsheba, and that he only experienced impotence only as an old man, while having his five-year-old son Jonathan at his death. Than all kinds of spices! 2989 Accession of Solomon. There are a number of possible resolutions to this. Second, how can it be said that Saul only reigned two years, when clearly he reigned for many more (including the whole time David was in exile)? A campaign to relieve Jabesh Gilead from the Ammonites, ending with So all the people went to Gilgal and confirmed Saul as king. How have the mighty fallen, And the weapons of war perished![7]. In this free Bible lesson, students will learn about Jonathan and Davids friendship. If, however, there is a way to interpret 1 Samuel 13:1 without changing it, we should do so. The relationship between David and Jonathan is mainly covered in the Hebrew Bible Book of Samuel. The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Parshat Toldot, Mahar Hodesh,(1 Samuel 20:1842) November 13, 2004", Keren, Orly. What do you think about 1 Samuel 13:1? Moody Press. Answer: We know from 1 Samuel 18:1 that Jonathan loved David. Second Samuel 1:26 records Davids lament after Jonathans death, in which he said that his love for Jonathan was more wonderful than the love of a woman. Some use these two passages to suggest a homosexual relationship between David and Jonathan. A few late Septuagint manuscripts have thirty for the first figure, but it is missing from the Hebrew. If you have put your faith in Jesus to save you from your sins, you have a friend that sticks closer than a brother (Prov. Rabbi Shimon ben Tzemach Duran (Spain, North Africa 14th15th century) delineated the significance of this mishnah: Anyone who establishes a friendship for access to power, money, or sexual relations; when these ends are not attainable, the friendship ceaseslove that is not dependent on selfish ends is true love of the other person since there is no intended end. (Magen Avot abridged and adapted translation)[8], In Christian tradition, David and Jonathan's love is understood as the intimate camaraderie between two young soldiers with no sexual involvement. Josephus, Antiquities Book 6, Ch. 2. p. 706. rev2023.3.1.43269. I like the second article better than the first and tend toward the conclusion that the actual time of is reign was about 42 years and Paul rounded off in Acts to 40 years. Acts 13:21, recording a speech by Paul We know that David married Jonathans sister, Michal, and became Jonathans brother-in-law ( 1 Samuel 18:27 ). Jonathan ended up protecting David and saving his life ( 19:1-6, 20:1-42 ). David was chosen by God and appointed to replace Saul as king of Israel instead of Jonathan, and still Jonathan loved David ( 20:31 ). <> So David went out wherever Saul sent him, and prospered; and Saul set him over the men of war. David is about 30 years younger than Jonathan. So He selflessly became friends with David who had been anointed as the new king. And when Saul had reigned two years. It is the general Hebrew word for love. Another Old Testament expression for sexual intercourse is went in to her. It is descriptive and occurs eight times in the Old Testament (Genesis 29:23; 30:4; 38:2, 18; Judges 16:1; Ruth 4:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; Ezekiel 23:44). 2993 Foundation of Temple laid, 480 years after Exodus. Jonathan had a son He was five years old when the news about Saul and Jonathan came from Jezreel His name was Mephibosheth. Suppose Saul reigned for 32 years. Now it came about when he had finished speaking to Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as himself. ." Hold up the braided pieces. Also Ish-bosheth son of Saul was forty years old when he became king over Israel, and he reigned 2 years. Learning Activity #2: Activity pages for students to work on while waiting for all to arrive. The first piece of chronological information we have regarding Israels kings is very cryptic, and it serves as an guide to the interpretation of some later mysterious statements we shall find as we go along. That is, Jonathan did not strip himself naked. Again, a higher figure is more probable. 14), Jonathan and his armour bearer left Sauls army at This Hebrew verb is in the Hithpael tense and must be understood as removing clothes and not as stripping oneself naked. Saul would be around 60 at Gilboa. Jonathan around 45. [22], David's praise in 2 Samuel 1:26 for Jonathan's love (for him) over the love of women is evidence for same-sex attraction, along with Saul's exclamation to his son at the dinner table, "I know you have chosen the son of Jesse which is a disgrace to yourself and the nakedness of your mother!" This is our fault. These verses reveal that David was no longer safe as Saul was planning to put him to death. It is also known that covenants were common, and that marriage was a public event and included customs not seen in this story. (Allow responses. Saul retained David on that day and did not allow him to return to his fathers house. Which is the true religion: Christianity, Islam or Zoroastrianism, and why? WebSome claim that King David and Jonathan were gay. Furthermore, the phrase David has found grace in Jonathan's eyes, mentioned above, is not normally a reference to romantic or physical attraction, since in 45 of the 46 other occurrences it refers to finding grace either in the eyes of God,[41] of a ruler or wealthy landowner,[42] of a close relative,[43] of the father of a potential bride,[44] or of a nation. David and Jonathan are about the same age, thus making this an appealing solution. I understand that numbers sometimes are copied down differently and there could have been a copyist error. In my Bible it states that the Hebrew manuscripts state "Saul was years old when he became king; and he reigned two years over Israel". A number of groups made up of gay Roman Catholics trying to reconcile their faith with their sexuality have also adopted the names: Davide e Gionata (Italy), and David et Jonathan (France). What are the lessons in the story of the Levite and his concubine. We have seen that in context Saul can properly be said to have been one year old when he became king. Later (I Sam. How have the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! C4ktI)-O:26aW#(2v'>9jRvhMG(A#`P:wtt(HBV3~_3@zFZ[;$ ] ocyRAd2ssygO%p8 gQ{9k>eq. Mephibosheth five years old Saul is not a man of his word and doesnt keep his promises. 2023 Ministry-To-Children.com | Bible Lessons for Kids, Activities for Sunday School, Free Resources for Children's Ministry Leaders. Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was on him and gave it to David, with his armor, including his sword and his bow and his belt. Neither term is ever used for David and Jonathans relationship. Samuel was around 49 years old at this time. Once again thanks Dr. Oakes for your hard work and love for God. "The Significance of the Verb Love in the David-Jonathan Narratives in 1 Samuel" by, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 12:19. 1 Samuel 17:33 contrasts David . If Saul was eighteen at the birth of Jonathan then he would have been at least sixty at his death. Jesus is the mighty friend of sinners. First, suppose Saul reigns for 2 years. At the end, after Sauls third and final rebellion against the Lord, Samuel announced to him that the kingdom had been taken from him, and that he had been rejected from being king (1 Samuel 15:26-28). You have been very pleasant to me. The sum of these first two gives Sauls age at his accession to the throne in this case 38. David is about 20 years younger than Jonathan, and is himself born a few years after the start of Sauls reign. Sauls body is publicly displayed at Beth-shan, but recovered by men of Jabesh Gilead for burial. The next time David was playing his harp before him he tried to kill him again. http://reformed-theology.org/ice/newslet/bc/bc.98.08.htm. When Jonathan and David met, they had little in common. If Saul asked Jonathan where David was and was not angry that he went to his familys feast instead, then David would know his life is not in danger. For example, when I see the word worle I recognize that this is a spelling error and guess the actual word is world. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. This interpretation does full justice to the grammar of 1 Samuel 13:1a as well as to its context. In summary, 1 Samuel 20:16-17 describes the sealing of a covenantal relationship, as Jonathan voluntarily gives the throne to David. transitory, homosexuality, deployed by the redactors as a textual means to assert David's rights against Jonathan's: the latter willingly alienated his princely status by bowing down (1 Samuel 20:41), sexually speaking, to the former. 2990 Solomon year 1. They will learn that Jesus is the best friend a person can ever have. How much better is your love than wine, 1 Samuel 18 Davids rise to fame Every kids church ministry deserves the very best resources for teaching Gods Word, even when they dont have the financial resources. Perhaps the age difference is what will make all the difference this time around. Web(1 Samuel 14:6) So Jonathan and David had much in common: strong faith in Jehovah and deep love for him. Unlike Jonathan (he did not put on Davids shepherd clothes), Jesus put on our filthy rags (sin) when He was nailed on the cross. Ackerman explains this as a case of liminal, viz. He would also, of course, be substantially younger than Michal, Sauls younger daughter. Sermons in Merced by Dr. John Oakes Ezekiel II Dramatic Symbolism. His wifes name was Ahinoam. [23], Some also point out that the relationship between the two men is addressed with the same words and emphasis as other love relationships in the Hebrew Testament, whether heterosexual or between God and people, such as ahava or .[24][25]. The resolution of the problem has bearing on how the book of Judges dovetails with the books of Samuel, as well as links with external matters. Jesus has given His followers weapons to fight our enemies. That is, Solomons wife is engaged in different activities that is commonly called foreplay today. There are two obvious problems with this verse. When Jonathan gave David his weapons it was symbolic that because of the covenant they made with each other, they were obligated to protect and defend each other, no matter what. Therefore, when David said Jonathans love was more wonderful then David was referring to sexual activity. Saul was probably around 40, since he had a grown son. Of the 61 times the word appears in the Old Testament, 32 times it appears in Song of Solomon. If Saul reigned for 22 years, David is about 10 years younger than Jonathan, and is less than 10 years old when Saul takes the throne. 21:8 tells us that Saul also had a concubine Rizpah, with whom he had two sons Armoni and Mephibosheth. Verse 16 refers to a covenantal relationship that Jonathan made with David. 20:142, the description of David and Jonathan's final meeting in 1 Sam. The comparison between Jonathans love and a wifes love is not at the point of sexuality but at the point of fidelity. The feeling is expressed before the men exchanged a single word in an interaction that has been The relationship between David and Jonathan has also been compared more explicitly to other homoerotic relationships in Near Eastern literature, including by Cyrus H. Gordon, who noted the instance in the Book of Jashar, excerpted in Samuel 2 (1:26), in which David "proclaims that Jonathan's love was sweeter to him than the love of a women", as being similar to both Achilles' comparison of Patroclus to a girl and Gilgamesh's love for Enkidu "as a woman". Than the love of women. History of Christianity and homosexuality, Corbett, John. Their father was Samuel, and so at this point Saul was adopted by Samuel. David came up with an idea to see if Saul was still trying to kill him. Besides, Saul must have been older than thirty at this time because he had a grown son, Jonathan, who was old enough to serve in the army with him. 1 Samuel 16:18 David enters Sauls service Both Daniel and Zechariah Ch 9-14 are the product of the Hellenistic era and have no messianic prophecies. (Use the board or poster paper and write down students responses) Both the verse and the Hebrew word stripped also supports this conclusion. Samuel appointed his own sons as judges, but they were not respected, and the people demanded a king. 7. pp. Now we are in a position to understand the meaning of 1 Samuel 13:1a in context. He lived to anoint David as well, but died before the battle of Gilboa. Saul was XXX years old when he became king, and he reigned over Israel for XXX-two years. by James B. Jordan Its not strictly necessary, but if youd like to give us additional information about this error, do so at our feedback site, https://hermeneutics.meta.stackexchange.com. The covenant the two men had formed eventually led to David, after Jonathan's death, graciously seating Jonathan's son Mephibosheth at his own royal table instead of eradicating the former king Saul's line. Yet, R. Bergen author of 1, 2 Samuel in the New American Commentaryseries makes this comment about Jonathans gift to David, This was understandable because David and Jonathan had much in common; they were both courageous and capable young warriors who possessed profound faith in the Lord. "[51], In his Lambeth essay of December 2007, James Jones, the Bishop of Liverpool, drew particular attention to the "emotional, spiritual, and even physical" friendship between David and Jonathan:[52] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. It occurs only thirty-seven times in the Old Testament. Now suppose Saul reigns for 12 years. Throughout Scripture heterosexual and homosexual physical acts are referred to as to know. For example, in the city of Sodom when the men of the city want to have sex with two angels, Genesis 19:5 says, . The word aheb is used in Psalm 109:4-5 for friendship. Matthew Henry saw this long ago: He had reason to say that Jonathans love to him was wonderful; surely never was the like, for a man to love one who he knew was to take away the crown over his head, and to be so faithful to his rival: this far surpassed the highest degree of conjugal affection and constancy. One day when the soldiers were returning home after David killed Goliath women had gathered in the streets singing and dancing. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. They believe that the David and Jonathan kissin 1 Samuel 20:40-41 indicates that they were homosexual lovers. Love does not always mean sex. WebDescription: David and Jonathan Spot the Differences. Ronald F. Youngblood. God had given David a true friend in Jonathan. David rises in rank in Sauls army, marries Michal, and develops a close friendship with Jonathan, at the same time arousing Sauls jealousy. Yet, inspite of their differences, they became fast friends. We believe that God is the loving Father of all kids. 1 Samuel 24:910, 1620 David spares Sauls life, and Saul recognizes Davids righteousness. Shop our Sunday School Curriculum and Bible Lessons for Kids. 2909 Death of Abdon; Samuel appoints sons, rejected; anointing of Timelines and interpretations There is no sign or hint of a homosexual relationship in these verses. One solution, which we find in the New International Version, is to assume that 1 Samuel 13:1 has become corrupted in transmission. WebJonathans Covenant with David | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Ligonier.org | Reformed Bible Studies & Devotionals at Ligonier.org. And eat its choice fruits! He [Kish] had a son named Saul, an impressive young man without equal among the Israelites the word bahur is used here, suggesting not youthfulness but vigour (the word often being used of warriors). New York: Doubleday, 1992, 1:118, Genesis 6:8; 18:3; 19:19; Exodus 33:12, 13, 16, 17; 34:9; Numbers 11:11, 15; Judges 6:17; 2 Samuel 15:25; Proverbs 3:4, Genesis 39:4; 39:21; 47:25; 50:4; Numbers 32:5; Ruth 2:2, 10, 13; 1 Samuel 1:18; 16:22; 20:29; 25:8; 27:5; 2 Samuel 14:22; 16:4; 1 Kings 11:29; Esther 5:2, 8; 7:3; 8:5), Genesis 30:27; 32:6; 33:8, 10, 15; 47:29; 1 Samuel 20:29. Lets read 20:19-23. . Why did God create such an imperfect Eden project? Learning Context: Sunday School Some scholars put Jonathan as much as 20 or even 30 years older than David so thats a pretty major age difference. Thus, in this year, Saul was anointed king by Samuel, led the people in a victory over the Ammonites, and was crowned king of Israel. Clearly there are variations in the Hebrew manuscripts based on problems with copying the number. Let its spices be wafted abroad. J. Carl Laney. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The next question to be addressed is, How should we understand 2 Samuel 20:41 where we are told about a David and Jonathan kiss?, Then Jonathan gave his weapons to his lad and said to him, Go, bring them to the city. When the lad was gone, David rose from the south side and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed three times. (2 Sam 1). WebIn the final land decision (19:29), David does not extend to Meribbaal the warmth and consideration that he deserved for his love and loyalty. How long did Saul reign? It also seems unlikely that Saul would still be actively leading his army to battle at over 70 years of age. If Saul was eighteen at the birth of Jonathan then The Hebrew word for knit is qasar, which refers to bind, knot, conspire, and league together. This word occurs 44 times in the Old Testament or Hebrew Scriptures and is usually translated as bind, conspirators, or conspired. Only once is the word translated as knit and that single occasion is here in verse 1. What happened in this passage is explained in 1 Samuel 20:18-23. (His robe, sword, bow & belt) (Information on the exchanging of robes/weapons- http://preceptaustin.org/covenant_the_exchanging_of_robes.htm 4. Using a board or poster paper draw an outline of a person and allow students to write phrases that describe a good friend. What makes a person a good friend? 1 Samuel 20:40-41 (NASB). It is often thought that this recounts a rather earlier episode concerning Saul and David, than the account in chapter 16 of David entering military service. David's lament (the Song of the Bow) for Saul and Jonathan. And which did not depend on a selfish end? At the start of the following chapter, Samuel anoints David as a young man for future kingship. While David had a loyal and remarkable friendship with Jonathan, the same cannot be said of his wives. The next significant passage is 1 Samuel 20:16-17. What we need to learn from this interpretation is this: Sometimes the chronology will date a kings reign not from his natural birth, but from some other spiritual event in his history, or in Israels history. It is clear from the above that a 2-year reign seems unlikely. Is it committing adultery if its my boyfriend. In a single day David had acquired the finest sword in the Philistine army as well as one of the finest swords in Israels armory; he had been permitted to wear the kings clothing in the time of conflict and was given princely clothing in times of peace. But the word has the same meaning as aheb. Why was the fruit there? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. "[15], The Renaissance artists Donatello and Michelangelo both brought out strong homoerotic elements in their respective sculptures depicting the youthful David. The events are recounted in 1 Samuel 13-15, which record the three falls of Saul. Return to top As Saul continues to pursue David, he and Jonathan renew their covenant, after which they do not meet again. Its not you, its us. Webat that time David would have been 20 years of age and Jonathan at least 45. Here we are told that the souls of Jonathanand David were knit together and that Jonathan loved David in verses 1 and 3. Who is a believers friend? Gilboa along with his two brothers Abinadab and Malchi-shua, and there Saul commits suicide. Jesus is the mighty friend of sinners. %PDF-1.3 Perhaps these homosocial relationships, based on love and equality, are more comparable with modern homosexual people's experience of themselves than those texts that explicitly speak of homosexual acts that are aggressive, violent expressions of domination and subjection. : //preceptaustin.org/covenant_the_exchanging_of_robes.htm 4 more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products the difference this time confirmed as. 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