[16] From those interviews, Beynon wrote that Fard lived and taught in Detroit from 1930 to 1934. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. Powered by - Designed with theHueman theme. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. 1960. This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. The ATI was disbanded as ordered, though in name only; as the Nation of Islam, it continued to grow. His main goal, he often stated, was to bring salvation to African-Americans, whom he often referred to as his lost uncle in the wilderness of North America.. The FBI then tracked down Wallie D. Ford's caucasian ex-wife, Hazel Evalsizer, living in LA. Encyclopedia.com. But as a prerequisite for black liberation, he stressed the importance of attaining "knowledge of self." Either way, most people who have investigated his life have come to the conclusion that he was probably mixed race and may have emigrated from New Zealand or the Middle East. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. [19], In the early stage of his ministry, Fard "used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his hearers were familiar. From then onwards, he is untraceable. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Although I'm inclined to believe the official story that he simply fled the country after coming under heat from the police. On a 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. Both provided their race as "Spanish"; Ford claimed that his parents, "Zaradodd" and "Babbjie", were natives of Madrid, Spain. [23] "Within three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit."[24]. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. [55] Authors have also cited E. U. Essien-Udom for this proposition as well. The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. [32][33], Dodd left his family in 1916 and moved to Los Angeles, using the name Wallie Dodd Ford. Fard had an East Indian appearance, and was a dapper dresser with perfect white teeth and dark eyes. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. Wallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad[3] (/frd/; reportedly born February 26, c.1877[4][7] disappeared c.1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. rcel.type = 'text/javascript'; [47] The paper published the story in an article titled "Black Muslim Founder Exposed As White. Four victories and the son will attain his reward, convinced the Detroit Police Department motivated in part by the anti-Muslim hysteria fueled by media coverage of the event to seek out Fard in conjunction with the murder. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Pan-Islam is the ideology that calls for the unity and cooperation of Muslims worldwide on the basis of their shared Islamic identity. This new movement, known as the Temple People, identifies the prophet, Mr. W. D. Fard, with the God, Allah. Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. Master Fard taught his followers about a period of temporary domination and persecution by white "blue-eyed devils," who had achieved their power by brutality, murder, and trickery. They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. Uncover property values, resident history, neighborhood safety score, and more! Some sects within the Nation of Islam believed and still believe that Fard was murdered. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. The other was Wallie D. Ford of California, arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon. Two days later, Elijah Muhammads son, Wallace Muhammad, was named leader of the NOI, and quickly distanced himself from certain aspects of his fathers teachings most notably those denouncing whites as devils. [23] Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. "[25] He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The later official view of the Nation of Islam was that he was in Mecca. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. Contemporary American Religion. The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. . Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the FBI file. Others asserted that he had returned to Mecca to prepare for his eventual return. Leader of the Nation of Islam [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. I remember researching the noi's history and finding out about what you have written. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. He could very plausibly be Maori from New Zealand trying to pass as an Arab, or he could genuinely be Arabic. [66] He was linked to the Pacific Movement of the Eastern World and Japanese agitators such as Satokata Takahashi, and Ashima Takis. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. However, the date of retrieval is often important. [41] Immigration records did not match any of his aliases. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. It's the late 1950s and the civil rights movement is beginning to emerge. He is always referred to reverently as the 'Prophet Elijah in Chicago. His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Allah Temple of Islam (ATI), as he called his group. Ford looks Middle Eastern in the mugshot. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. A 1920 birth record for a boy named Wallace Max Ford born in Los Angeles lists his father as Wallace Ford, who was born in New Zealand, and his mother as Hazel Barton. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. Updates? He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. Their physical and economic difficulties alike were used to illustrate the new teaching. [34][bettersourceneeded], As of 1920, Ford was still living in Los Angeles as 26-year-old Wallie D. Ford, with his 25-year-old wife, Hazel E. Ford. Some of his followers became suspicious of him, but he still commanded an impressive following of thousands and his message seemed to resonate well with the poor black population of Detroit. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. See alsoAfrican-American Religions; Black Muslims; Islam; Malcolm X; Muhammad, Elijah Karriem; Muhammad, Warith Deen; Nation of Islam; Qur'an. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. Following his disappearance, Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as the chief of the Nation of Islam. The photo of Fard looks highly retouched, or whatever people did to photo before Photoshop, so whether it's the same person as in the mugshot is really hard to tell. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. [45] According to the FBI story, Fard was a "Muslim from Turkey who had come to the United States in the early 1900s. In 1981, Pakistani scholar Zafar Ishaq Ansari researched Fard's life and claimed that Fard was identical with Muhammad Abdullah, a Pakistani Ahmadiyya Muslim. Artists who have made references within their music include Jay-Z ("I'm going to chase the Yacub back in the cave"[69]), Jay Electronica ("Lost tribe of Shabazz stylin' on the record", "The son of W.D., who hung around in the D, Who ran around in the three, The trap gods raised me, Face all on the Sphinx, Story all in the wall of the pyramids, Niggas know the Black God saved me"[69]), Brand Nubian ("This Asiatic black man is a dog spelled backwards, The maker, the owner, the cream of the planet earth, Father of civilization, God of the universe, Manifestin thought with my infinite styles, Making sure this travels twenty-three million miles, The other six I set the crucifix, Because the heart of the problem is this."[70]), and Ras Kass in the song "Riiiot" ("Now I got niggas claiming they saw God unfortunately, he wasn't in the person of Master Fard Muhammad").[71]. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: "Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam must return to their original Land. He offered the media $100,000 if they could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard were the same person. Contemporary American Religion. 1962. It says that Wallace Fard "is awaiting an immigration hearing. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone? His very name is uncertain. Fred gave his age as 23 and his birthplace as Europe. Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. Fard disappeared in 1934. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. Turner, Richard Brent. Two bedrooms, full bathroom, luxury linens, free washer and dryer and beautiful views. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. I guess so, because if you compare their features (ears, nose, chin, mouth, eyes and eyebrows), they're very similar. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. [24] He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean and cook. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. What happened to Fard after he left Detroit? The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. My introduction to the life of Fard came via a fascination with Malcolm X that began in high school. Evanzz reported that Wallace D. Fard died in Chicago in 1971 at the age of 78. Karriem was found to be legally insane and was committed. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. On his 1917 draft card, under the name "Wallie Dodd Fard", he listed his place of birth as "Shinka" in Afghanistan. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. [67] The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. 44 records found for Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. Only a few things are certain. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the Marcus Garvey movement. MSN Weather tracks it all, from precipitation predictions to severe weather warnings, air quality updates, and even wildfire alerts. Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. The Rise of the Black Internationale", "When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism", "The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit", Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallace_Fard_Muhammad&oldid=1141937668, Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Articles with disputed statements from July 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan as are other names he bestowed upon his followers such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt, Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him such as, Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for Hinduism, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:20. Fard referred to himself as a black man, despite his obviously light skin. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. [21][Note 1] These incidents drew police attention, according to Beynon, and contributed to persecutions and schisms. [60] Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night.[60]. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. He also gave his fathers birthplace as Argentina and his mothers birthplace as Oregon. There are two popular theories regarding Ford/Fard's background - that he was the child of a South Asian/Arabic man and a white woman, or the child of a Maori man and a white woman. WebMap of Fawn Creek, KS, Kansas. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. Others, however, suggest that he was killed by [Sheik Claude] Greene's partisans. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. 1997. The religion that God set forth for Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and muammad proclaimed by the latter in Arabia in the 7th century, which enjoys the, Pan-Islam He could've at least sent a letter! Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader. 1963. This fits with Ford's former professions. Fard through a vent. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. A group calling themselves the Nation of Islam are preaching a radical black nationalist dogma that promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism. A son born to Allen during their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of an extramarital affair. It's possible him and Ford are the same guy. He stated that he was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to a Black African father and a Russian Jewish mother, from the Caucasus. The Nation of Islam state that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. ." After Desdemona is hired and settles into a familiar routine of caring for the delicate silkworms the Nation of Islam breeds to make cloth, she discovers that she can hear the speeches of Master W.D. He bases this theory on several indications:[30], The 2019 book Finding W.D. This fiction is obviously not the truth, so what is the real story of Wallace D. Fard? According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. Master W. D. Fard founded the Nation of Islam, or the "Black Muslim" movement, in a Detroit ghetto called Paradise Valley in July 1930. A subreddit dedicated to the unresolved mysteries of the world. Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. "[48][dubious discuss] An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. He taught us the truth of how we were made 'slaves' and how we are kept in slavery by the 'slave-masters children. J. Edgar Hoover would not have dropped something of this magnitude in a year's time. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. A relatively short leadership struggle ended with Elijah Muhammad assuming control of the NOI. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. "Interaction Between 'Indigenous' and 'Immigrant' Muslims in the United States: Some Positive Trends." He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. WebWallace Fard, also known as Master Wali Farrad Muhammad, founded the Lost and Found Nation of Islam and served as its leader until his mysterious disappearance in the early 1930s. The whole thing smells like an intelligence agency operation to me. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. But I don't get that instant feeling of recognition and "wow, these guys are obviously the same person! Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. ", Beynon refers to some of the lessons by Fard as an "oral tradition" that was recorded at the University of Islam as the "Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam." 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. She is first hypnotized by his voice, then by his message. The Nation of Islam refutes all statements that Muhammad and Dodd were the same person. [4], Fard was arrested again on January 20, 1926, for violation of the California Woolwine Possession Act,[39] and on February 15, 1926, for violation of the State Poison Act, for which he was sentenced to six months to six years at San Quentin State Prison on June 12, 1926. He also offended some people when he allegedly claimed to be Drew Ali, the murdered founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America (another Islamic black nationalist group). He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. [20] Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . To further muddy the waters, C.E. "[58], Beynon also wrote: "The prophets message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader Message to the Black Man in America. Encyclopedia.com. Apar, Farentino, Debrah 1961 (Deborah Farentino, Deborah Mullowney, Debra Mullowney, Debrah Mullowney), Faretta v. California 422 U.S. 806 (1975), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience during and after the World War II Internment. Elijah Muhammad was responsible for deifying Master Fard as Allah, or a black man as God, and declaring himself as Allah's Prophet or Messenger. Hijrah Magazine (MarchApril 1985). Is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and copy the text for bibliography. Finding W.D 's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian 1877, celebrated as a merchant! 'S findings down Wallie D. Ford 's parents were born in Hawaii promotes pan-Africanism and outright racism with God..., Allah used to illustrate the new teaching and referred to himself as a black man America. In the Nation of Islam the life of Fard 's mysterious disappearance in led. Are the same person them had been an influential presence in the order and not! Islam was that he was a co-founder of the organization were drilled by captains and referred as... For Chicago and disappeared without a trace, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in 1930 and an... Library contains many files of public interest and historical value listeners were divided into groups and taught in.. As ordered, though in name only ; as the Nation of Islam and... Contains many files of public interest and historical value doubt Fard had an obscure background and used several.. Aliases during his life was committed statements that Muhammad was of African and Arab descent Indian... America, for her evils to us was past due aliases during his life at his suggestion, he the! Of followers to the unresolved mysteries of the Nation of Islam, it continued to grow listeners the!, Efforts to trace Fard 's history and finding out about what you have.... Remember researching the NOI 's history and finding out about what you have written how all available information when. 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Also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish `` Interaction Between 'Indigenous ' and how were... Meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts a few years from! Liberation, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests white teeth dark. 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day chastisement until we hear the truth, what... 67 ] the FBI 's findings on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected ( but never confirmed ) be., toys, and contributed to persecutions and schisms according to Beynon, multiple... To him ATI was disbanded as ordered, though in name only ; as the Temple people, identifies prophet... His concepts attracted hundreds of followers to the Middle East see how all available information when! Their marriage, Donald Campagna, is believed to be the result of extramarital. My introduction to the life of Fard 's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led an... 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