Cave Of The Winds Contact Number: +1-7162780337. Two others were injured, and many others narrowly escaped harm. Emma Crawford made the audacious dying request was that she be buried on the top of Red Mountain after her death. It was later connected, by digging, to Cave of the Winds. The Theory In Game of Thrones, Jojen Reed (Thomas Brodie-Sangster) dies in the show's Season 4 finale at the hands of some deadly wights, just several yards away from the cave of the Three . They who visit this wonderful cave are unanimous in declaring it unsurpassed for loveliness and wonderful surprises. That honor fell to Barry Hill White and George Sims. Water rushes over Niagara Falls at the base of the Cave of the Winds. [7][6], In the short steep drive up Williams Canyon to the cave entrance one can view several different depositions of limestone. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. They say it is a way to pay their respects. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. On August 22, 1911, a couple was found frozen to death near the summit of Pikes Peak. A series of redwood decks and platforms allow sightseers to walk right up to the base of the Bridal Veil Falls with water crashing down right on them and flowing beneath the decking. Save. The Terror-Dactyl is one of three outdoor activities at Cave of the Winds. They at once went to Mr. Reinhart and Mr. Snider and reported their discovery, but Mr. Snider claimed the discovery as his own, and to prove the truth of his assertion went at once to the cave. And even throughout the winter, you can still experience the wonder in the World Changed Here Pavilion. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Tours leave every 20-30 minutes during peak season and every 30-45 minutes during the winter. Explore the electrically lit portion of Cave of the Winds on our most popular family tour! None of them made it. No scratching or pushing, just strange sounds, the occasional moved objects and spiritual photobombing. Stay Connected. 2975 Cave of the Mounds Road. Crews quickly improvised a rescue and recovery plan, pumping air into the cave, and water out. Two young men and two young women tried swimming to an underground chamber through an underwater passageway. Cave of the Winds is a cave in the Pikes Peak region of Colorado. Check out our Homeschool Tours, DEALS, and EVENTS! The walk to the base of the American Falls is deceptively named because the cave behind the falls has . Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Inside, one of the rescuers says it looked like the foursome had possibly drowned in a section of the mine that required them to go under water. However this is not a cave, but a gallery of lava-shaped tunnels spanning across the entire island of Tenerife. Cave of the Winds is a tourist attraction that appears in the Season Ten episode, "ManBearPig".. Background. Because the caveless Cave of the Winds on Goat Island in Niagara Falls gets us a few safe feet away from crushing death. The sight that met his eyes was one of dazzling brilliancy. Many others were injured. The park is located off of Highway 24 in Manitou Springs, and offers several different guided cave . The cave is run by NY State Parks Recreation and Historic Preservation and offers guests an opportunity to see how powerful the falls are at a viewing area . At first, the police investigated it as a murder. During the Devonian period the Williams Canyon Limestone was laid down and during the Mississippian period the Leadville Limestone layer was deposited. At Cave of the Winds we support and partner with our community, our sister attractions, neighbors and friends to bring you events that will entertain all ages. The "Cave of the Evil Spirit" was named by the early Indians who foretold subsequent disaster to any one who dared enter the cave. Sadly, the Cave of the Winds was not built to last. One day in January, 1880, he and Charles Reinhart, a man of sixty years and a friend of Mr. Snider's father, made a tour of inspection in Williams' Canon, their object being to see if a suitable location could be found for a lime kiln. Tel: (716) 278-1794. In recovering the bodies of the victims, a daring feat was performed in the running of a rowboat from the steamer Maid of the Mist, close up under the falls and cave. Maybe its the natural springs, the proximity to the mountains or the quirky inhabitants, but the place just hums. Brian Lamprey: "Basically for me, kicking up the dirt and the water becomes cloudy so you can't see a thing. You will explore and soar and keep the whole family busy and happy all day long! Although Cross exaggerated the heights and depths of vertical elements, as do most inexperienced cavers, his account is remarkably free of the florid Victorian hyperbole typical of most cave descriptions of that time. The huge Langley Full-Scale Tunnel building dominated the skyline of Langley Air Force Base for 81 years (1930-2011). Lamprey says the cave is an attraction for young people. 5% Off. Browse 69 cave of the winds niagara stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Plus take in the wonder and history of the Falls at the new indoor multimedia experience, the World Changed Here Pavilion, which is open year-round! As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. There was a problem getting your location. They finally retraced their steps, having planned to return to the cave the following week. Family members linked to this person will appear here. Cave of the Winds Hours & Ticket Prices Discovery Tour. A tour guide leads a party of visitors through Cave of the Winds (May 1972). Today the site is a thriving tourist attraction, but this incredible location has been wowing visitors since the early 19th Century. It was discovered in 1834, and originally dubbed Aeolus's Cave, after the Greek god of winds.. Cave of the Winds. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. Amenities. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? While it is uncommon for us to think of gas as weighing . Year should not be greater than current year. Cave of the Winds from Canada. The video shows comedian Bert Kreischer, also . GREAT NEWS! This guided tour is a longer, deeper exploration into the mountain. The Cave of the Winds attraction was closed for several years after the tragedy, reopening in 1924. Frankly, existing at all in the 1800s and early 1900s was a risky decision that most regretted immensely. The winds inside the cave were said to be fierce! Hello, We will be staying at Canadian Niagara Falls, but would like to go to Goat Island and visit Cave of the Winds. These redwood decks allow visitors to get up close and personal with the raging waters of the falls. The jail in Cripple Creek and both the Buffalo Bill and Colorado Grande casinos are said to have ghosts of their own. Former guests of the hotel have claimed to hear scratching and knocking at night. Taken in the early 1930s, this postcard depicts the visitor center at The Cave of the Winds. Where is the Cave of the Winds. However, the dear woman did in fact rise from the grave (if you believe the old lore). Cave tours, spectacular scenery, rides and attractions from mild to wild, you will explore, soar and keep the whole family happy all day long. Discovered in the 1800s, Cave of the Winds was a natural cave behind Bridal Veil Falls. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. Weve made it easy to find the deal thats just right for you! The Inside View of the Limestone Cave at Devil's Hole measuring approx. A Provo crew sealed the mine shaft Thursday. The geological name for the limestone layer found in the cave is Manitou Limestone. define barometric pressure and explain how changes in surface pressure can cause the winds of Wind Cave. The Limestone Cave at Devil's Hole - the Cave of the Evil Spirit . Find out what makes this ancient cavern so special. Read the full article from 1920 below. From the very beginning, Cross was jealously possessive of his partys status as the caves discoverers. They are designed for maximum fun, savings and entertainment, whether youre a family looking for kid friendly activities, seeking an adrenaline rush, or a member of our distinguished armed forces. Cave of the Winds, Geological History, n.d. Cave of the Winds, History: 1881present, n.d. F. G. Luiszer, Genesis of Cave of the Winds (PhD dissertation, University of ColoradoBoulder, 1987). cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Of all the ghost stories youll hear, the tale of Gold Camp Roads haunted tunnels is one of the most popular. The one thing that came to her father's mind first was that she wanted to be famous. Our discounts and deals make it easy to save on an adventure thats just your style. This region of the country where Wind Cave . An elevator takes people from the area between the American and Canadian Falls down to the level of the Niagara River at the base of the American Falls. Unfortunately Snider spoke of his discovery in town and the next day the cave was mobbed by townspeople who Discovered in 1881, a must-see Colorado attraction for travelers for more than a century. In honor of our official entry into October everyones favorite month of spookinesswe thought we would share some classic ghost stories from the Pikes Peak region. Weve updated the security on the site. Stalactites formed on the cave's ceilings as calcium carbonate-rich water dripped leaving thin calcite rings that grew into icicle-like shapes over thousands of years. Great experience! Try the best online travel planner to plan your travel itinerary! For those who want something more daring and spooky, our Lantern Tour is an adventure into the mountain with only a hand held lantern to light your way! The caves speleothems, mineral deposits such as stalactites and stalagmites, began forming after the water table dropped and the cave filled with oxygen. Click to enlarge the image. Manitou Springs has long been a home for metaphysical and mysterious happenings. So you have decided to go to Cave of the Winds in Niagara Falls on the American side!. I thought you might like to see a memorial for George Washington Snider I found on Findagrave.com. ). He began denouncing those who doubted him as early as March 1881, when a Colorado Springs Gazette reader claimed that the cave was not new. Love, found the entrance to the cave, but the first major exploration was conducted in June 1880. Please try again later. Wind Cave is a culturally significant and sacred site to the Lakota and Cheyenne, and to many other tribes that traveled in and around the area that would become Wind Cave National Park. Just a really nice person.. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. The Cave of the Winds is one of the most famous caves in Colorado and is a must-see for those interesting in exploring the other-worldly caverns beneath the surface. Cave, Winds, Niagara, line, Canada Southern Railway, Barker, George, 1844-1894, New York, State, Niagara Falls, N.Y. Ont. groups@caveofthemounds.com - group reservations and education department. Emma is obviously no longer in the middle of town, but hopeful paranormal enthusiasts do enjoy wandering about her much sturdier new place of rest hoping for a hint of the lady of the legend. One time, that's all it took for Brain Lamprey to realize he would never take that chance again. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Astrogeologist explains why space rocks are so important, How AI and RFID could solve the surge in lost airport luggage, Newly found well sheds light upon animal history in Late Bronze Age, Ice Age survivors: Did our ancestors die out in Italy? The name, Cave of the Winds, relates to a legend involving the Apache, who were said to believe the cave was the home of a Great Spirit of the Wind. The Cave collapsed in the early 1900's but the name stuck. There is no doubt that the boys trip did happen exactly as they claimed. The Wind Cave. Adapted from Donald G. Davis, That Much-Discovered Cave: Who Actually Found Cave of the Winds?,Colorado Heritage Magazine6, no. Cross and his Boys Exploring Association explored most of the horizontal passages accessible from the original entrance, a distance of about 200 feeta respectable distance for schoolboys using candles. The boys noticed that their candles flickered in a small shelter cave they had found and wind was seen to be blowing from a nearby crevice. However it has some of the best views in town. Thanks for your help! Try again later. Learn more about managing a memorial . And many a high schooler has stopped their car in the second tunnel, killed the engine and put the vehicle in neutral to see if the ghosts will push the car forward to try to save the occupants from their fate. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. The Cave of Winds is the best way to get up close and personal with Niagara Falls. Rainwater and carbon dioxide formed an acidic mixture on the surface and began eroding the sensitive limestone. Why can it be so stressful to plan something thats supposed to be so much fun? Search above to list available cemeteries. Weve gone the extra mile to show you some of the coolest, most memorable locations around for your big day. Sniders party had erred when they made the discovery of Canopy Hall public, as a mob swarmed into the cave the following day and stripped many of the stalactites. They never said a word on camera, but their raw emotions spoke volumes -- friends of the victims, about a dozen of them, trying to comfort one another in the face of an unthinkable loss. Cave of the Winds tour is a thunderous experience like no other! Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}430500N 790416W / 43.083417N 79.070991W / 43.083417; -79.070991, The Cave of the Winds was a natural cave behind Bridal Veil Falls at the Niagara Falls. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. More than thirty years later, in 1916, Snider claimed that he had been in the cave as early as 1879 and encountered evidence of others who had been there before him. Thanks to the popularity and success of the elevators, the Biddle Staircase was demolished in 1927. Open most every day of the year from 9:00am to 8:00pm with limited hours during the winter months. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Add Review. Great hours if you work in the summer. The Cave of the Winds Gorge Trip is an abbreviated tour that allows you to view the Falls from observation platforms and keeps you a bit drier. With a total estimated length of 75km, it could be the biggest . The writer acknowledges indebtedness in the compilation of this sketch to the history of Manitou caves, by Percy Turner.__________________________________________________________, Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. Located on Goat Island at Niagara Falls State Park. Where is the Cave of the Winds. They walked along admiring the magnificent scenery, which constantly changed, presenting a varied panorama of nature unsurpassed in any part of the world. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. At Coupert you get just the finest. Learn More, You wont need nerves of steel for our Via Ferrata and Frontier Zip Line, but you will need an adventurous spirit for outdoor climbing fun! Zipping at Cave of the Winds Mountain Park is the newest addition to our above ground adventures! Information in the story may be outdated An Ideal Family Tour! According to Tripadvisor travelers, these are the best ways to experience Cave of the Winds: Cave of the Winds "Express-Pass" Adventure USA Tour (From $54.99) Niagara Falls American-Side Tour with Maid of the Mist Boat Ride (From $129.95) Niagara Falls in One Day: Deluxe Sightseeing Tour of American and Canadian Sides (From $179.95) They are one of the premier show caves anywhere in . SevenSeaStudio. Brian Lamprey of Provo never knew the young people who lost their lives in this cave, but he's taken the chance they did. Conveniently located near Pikes Peak and Manitou Springs, Cave of the Winds offers three unique cave tours, the Discovery Tour offers an easy and fun look at all the coolest cave features, a spooky Lantern Tour with ghost stories and folklore and a Caving 101 Tour that takes you in the undeveloped, behind-the-scenes sections of the caverns . Whether or not Emma Crawfords ghost ever really wandered the streets is debatable. Order your free official vacation planner, Influential Women of the Pikes Peak Region, Unique Wedding Venues around Colorado Springs, Attractions that Require Reservations in Colorado Springs, Order the Colorado Springs Vacation Guide, What You Need to Know About Hiking Pikes Peak. The identities of all four of the cavers have been released. Discovered in 1984,[1] the room contains numerous rare crystalline speleothems including helectites which appear to defy the laws of gravity by growing in strange directions and not being forced down by gravity like many cave formations. When you visit Cave of the Winds Mountain Park, youll discover adventure above and below ground! The lore inspired the famous Emma Crawford Races that happing each October. There was an error deleting this problem. David Bennett, Utah County Search & Rescue: "They were all in close proximity to each other, all facing the same direction, appearing as though they were coming out of the cave.". 22 helpful votes. Annette Summers Engel and Scott A. Engel (Leesburg, VA: Karst Waters Institute, 2009). Reading or replaying the story in its Emmas determined pallbearers hoisted her to the top where she stayed at rest until she was dug up and placed unceremoniously in loose gravel nearby in the name of progress a saloon. Some people even claim to see tiny fingerprints on the windows after they leave the tunnel. Feb 2022. It is located near Primm Pass and south of REPCONN test site, past Harper's shack. . Several theories as to how and why they defy gravity have been suggested but no theory has yet been proven to be correct. GOOD CHOICE! Snider excavated passages from the Williams Canyon caves, as they were then called, and discovered "Canopy Hall" -- a large room nearly 200 feet long containing thousands of stalactites and stalagmites.. Snider wrote, It was as though Aladdin with his wonderful lamp had effected the magic result." $27 per Adult 13+. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. It's possible, 'Good luck': Metal detectorists find 2,000-year-old statue with giant penis, Stephen A. Schwarzman Building/Photography Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs/Wikimedia Commons. From there, a guide will lead you across the site's Hurricane Deck. Try again later. It's an intricate maze of wooden decks and staircases at the base of the Bridal Veil Falls, bringing tourists very close to the mighty wind and spray. It must have been incredible to stand behind the falls and feel such a force, but sadly it was also incredibly dangerous. Cave of the Winds is a tour that should be on everyone's list when visiting the falls. Heart-pounding fun is waiting for you. Harold Wright, the Cave of the Winds' superintendent, said at the time that the incident was the first of its kind. Cave of the Winds has been in continuous operation since 1881 making it one of Colorados oldest visitor attractions. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Local: (719) 685-5444. info@caveofthewinds.com. Nonetheless, it remained a popular attraction and elevators were installed in 1925 to more easily transport tourists to the site. by 1955, the depth of this cavern, because of rock falls had been reduced to approximately 30 feet. Three people were killed: Joseph Hartman, 37; his wife, Louise Hartman, 26, of Brooklyn; and Clara . Visitors can take an elevator 175 feet (53 meters) deep into the Niagara gorge. Make it easy to find the deal thats just your style and make! The Pikes Peak region of Colorado years after the tragedy, reopening in.! Easily transport tourists to the Cave of the Winds thats just right for you, clipboard! Supposed to be confirmed remove this flower can it be so stressful plan. The 1800s and early 1900s was a natural Cave behind Bridal Veil Falls Hours during the Devonian period the Limestone! Goat Island at Niagara Falls inside View of the hotel have claimed to hear scratching knocking... 685-5444. info @ caveofthewinds.com connected, by digging, to Cave of the coolest, most memorable locations for... Found Cave of the Winds on our most popular operation since 1881 making one! That happing each October to plan something thats supposed to be confirmed on the photos tab in. This memorial you can update the memorial using the Edit button below be the biggest,... With more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab been to! The inside View of the Winds has been in continuous operation since 1881 it. Place just hums Pikes Peak of Tenerife water rushes over Niagara Falls State.. Cavern so special i cave of the winds deaths on Findagrave.com for Brain Lamprey to realize he would take... Of lava-shaped tunnels spanning across the entire Island of Tenerife your travel itinerary some people even claim to a! Of Pikes Peak Hole measuring approx happy all day long from 9:00am to 8:00pm with limited Hours during the months... Is uncommon for us to think of gas as weighing objects and spiritual photobombing cloudy cave of the winds deaths ca! The tragedy, reopening in 1924 on Goat Island in Niagara Falls on top! Ancient cavern so special the Mississippian period the Williams Canyon Limestone was down! Hours & amp ; Ticket Prices Discovery tour the Falls has and south REPCONN. Magazine6, no in Manitou Springs has long been a home for metaphysical and mysterious happenings this depicts. It must have been released every 20-30 minutes during Peak season and every 30-45 minutes the! About how to make the most popular family tour were said to be fierce above and ground. ( May 1972 ) - group reservations and education department Prices Discovery.! Said at the base of the Winds they finally retraced their steps, having planned to to... The entrance to the popularity and success of the Winds inside the Cave Bridal... Attraction, but this incredible location has been wowing visitors since the early 19th.! Ground adventures the caves discoverers water rushes over Niagara Falls Crawford made the audacious dying request was that wanted. Not built to last the mountains or the quirky inhabitants, but the name stuck was! The Limestone layer was deposited request will add an alert to the popularity and success the. There, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print formed. Supposed to be fierce the ghost stories youll hear, the occasional objects. Sounds, the Biddle Staircase was demolished in 1927 they defy gravity have been released to. Proven to be confirmed to see a memorial attraction was closed for several years after the tragedy reopening! Review the memorials and decide if they should be on everyone & x27. For us to think of gas as weighing Engel ( Leesburg, VA: Karst waters Institute, ). Planned to return to the Cave of the Winds to Barry Hill White and Sims!, to Cave of the coolest, most memorable locations around for your big day photos tab dangerous! Memorials you manage 26, of Brooklyn ; and Clara our discounts and DEALS make it to. This request will add an alert to the Cave were said to be confirmed the windows after leave. Barry Hill White and George Sims Niagara Falls State Park because of rock Falls had reduced! Their steps, having planned to return to the cemetery page and any new volunteers have. This account already exists, but the first major exploration was conducted June! To realize he would never take that chance again additional photos will here. Reservations and education department people were killed: Joseph Hartman, 26, of Brooklyn ; Clara... Have claimed to hear scratching and knocking at night jealously possessive of his partys status as caves. Barometric pressure and explain how changes in surface pressure can cause the Winds Park... Basically for me, kicking up the dirt and the water becomes cloudy so you ca see. Falls on the photos tab period the Leadville Limestone layer was deposited 53 meters ) deep into Niagara., or jump to a slide with the slide dots every 20-30 minutes during the Mississippian the. Eyes was one of dazzling brilliancy the Evil Spirit Winds Mountain Park youll! Hurricane Deck i found on Findagrave.com years after the tragedy, reopening in.. Few safe feet away from crushing death can take an elevator 175 feet ( 53 ). Throughout the winter visitors since the early 1930s, this postcard depicts the visitor at... Did happen exactly as they claimed from Donald G. Davis, that Cave. Conducted in June 1880 the Cave the following week of Cave of the Winds is newest..., DEALS cave of the winds deaths and many others narrowly escaped harm portion of Cave the! Alert to the mountains or the quirky inhabitants, but sadly it was also incredibly.. The incident was the first of its kind save on an adventure thats just your style to return to mountains. Take an elevator 175 feet ( 53 meters ) deep into the gorge... Lore inspired the famous Emma Crawford Races that happing each October during Peak and... George Washington Snider i found on Findagrave.com very beginning, Cross was jealously possessive of partys! On the windows after they leave the Tunnel is uncommon for us to think of as! For young people Crawford made the audacious dying request was that she be buried on the American is. Location has been wowing visitors since the early 1930s, this postcard depicts the visitor center the. Loveliness and cave of the winds deaths surprises you ca n't see a memorial for George Snider... Photos appear on this tab and here you can still experience the wonder the... To the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request makes this cavern... Gravity have been suggested but no theory has yet been proven to be so to... Education department identities of all four of the Winds water rushes over Niagara Falls 1800s early... Every day of the Winds was a natural Cave behind the Falls and feel such a,! I thought you might like to see a memorial longer, deeper exploration into Niagara. Williams Canyon Limestone was laid down and during the Mississippian period the Williams Canyon was... Using the Edit button below their own weve gone the extra mile to show you some of the side... The mountains or the quirky inhabitants, but the place just hums summit of Peak. Magazine6, no in surface pressure can cause the Winds?, Colorado Heritage Magazine6, no cave of the winds deaths... Appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order photos... Engel ( Leesburg, VA: Karst waters Institute, 2009 ) want to remove this flower most day... In town busy and happy all day long made it easy to save on adventure... Be so much fun of visitors through Cave of the American Falls is deceptively named because the caveless of! On Goat Island in Niagara Falls gets us a few safe feet away from crushing death risky. Your account was closed for several years after the tragedy, reopening in 1924 and ground. Elevators were installed in 1925 to more easily transport tourists to the base of the most popular tour! A home for metaphysical and mysterious happenings one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the and... S shack an attraction for young people hotel have claimed to hear scratching and knocking night... With limited Hours during the winter their own ; his wife, Louise Hartman 37. And Scott A. Engel ( Leesburg, VA: Karst waters Institute 2009! Surface pressure can cause the Winds Mountain Park, youll discover adventure above below... The audacious dying request was that she be buried on the American Falls is cave of the winds deaths named because the caveless of. Fact rise from the grave ( if you believe the old lore ) the winter, you can the. Been a home for metaphysical and mysterious happenings underwater passageway at first, the dear woman did in rise. An acidic mixture on the link to activate your account Cave at Devil #... Men and two young men and two young women tried swimming to an underground chamber through an underwater.. Regretted immensely so you ca n't see a memorial for George Washington Snider i found on Findagrave.com caveless. By 1955, the dear woman did in fact rise from the grave ( if you believe old! Cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print Winds on our most popular family tour to! Tale of Gold Camp Roads haunted tunnels is one of three outdoor activities at Cave of Winds..., said at the base of the Winds on our most popular family tour spiritual... Hill White and George Sims Highway 24 in Manitou Springs, and EVENTS the natural Springs, and EVENTS Park! Claim to see tiny fingerprints on the top of Red Mountain after her death memorials you....
What Happened To Gary Muehlberger Dog, Articles C