how do you evaluate the credibility of a sourcehow do you evaluate the credibility of a source
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\n<\/p><\/div>"}. References Question everything, books, articles, and websites can all be unreliable sources. Does the information come from an author or organization that has authority to speak on your topic? The ability to navigate and evaluate digital resources is essential to both educators and students. Many people have personal websites, such as blogs, that are not associated with a larger group or organization. Communication & Mass Media Complete. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Mailing Address: 3501 University Blvd. You will likely use a combination of the three types over the course of your research process. Language & Education: An International Journal 27.2 (2013): 110-128. Use Wikipedia as a starting point that points you toward better sources. Sometimes, the currency of the source is very important. Students are able to identify how a credible source could be used for a particular need. This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Websites that end in .edu also fall into the category of sometimes credible. Individual faculty often provide course websites that include information pertinent to classes they teach. What is the difference between a scholarly and a popular source? Web. Is the source twenty years out of date? Both of these individuals have blue checks next to their Twitter handles, which means the accounts are verified. Scholarly sources are written by experts in their field and are typically subjected to peer review. There is a way to contact the author or publisher of my source. Credible sources are published in peer-reviewed journals, scholarly books with lists of references, or .gov websites. Websites are not subject to the peer-review and editing process that academic journals or books go through, and can be published by anyone at any time. Different websites have different domain extensions, that is, the final string of letters following the period on a websites domain name. . In general, while you will probably not use a lot of social media in your research, if you do, try to locate the people or groups behind the usernames. Preliminary evaluation is useful as it allows you to: While this preliminary evaluation is an important step in the research process, you should engage with sources more deeply in order to adequately understand them. What is the importance of material sources? Who are the intended readers and what is the publication's purpose? However, if you used a different search engine, such as Yahoo or Bing, your results may differ. If you are interested in using a YouTube video in your research, look at whether the publisher is a larger organization (such as TED or National Geographic) or a single user that only publishes under a username. How does the source engage with them? If students are coming from Intermediate Lessons, they should additionally be able to name formats of web . Evaluating the credibility of a source is an important way of sifting out misinformation and determining whether you should use it in your research. Anyone can write anything they want on the Internet. The source should be relevant to your research. This article was co-authored by Alexander Ruiz, M.Ed.. Alexander Ruiz is an Educational Consultant and the Educational Director of Link Educational Institute, a tutoring business based in Claremont, California that provides customizable educational plans, subject and test prep tutoring, and college application consulting. Search engine optimization (often abbreviated SEO) is a strategy used to increase unpaid views on a website from search engines. The more questions you can answer "yes", the more likely the Web site is one of quality. In some disciplines, material can become outdated very swiftly. Is the field currently dominated by particular theories or. Relevance. This is a great place to kick off your research. For example, if you were to search How to change a flat tire in a search engine, you would most likely get how-to videos and pages, rather than someone selling their car on Craigslist, because the algorithm sorts the webpages based on the keywords you input. Determine whether they're relevant to your topic. Consulting the index for key terms or the names of important scholars. My source is recent enough to contain up-to-date information on my topic. Revised on If the name or source is familiar, you may tend to believe the information. This Common Core aligned teaching packet is appropriate . If the opinion feels one-sided, does the author acknowledge opposing viewpoints? However, if you are researching the Peloponnesian War, a source from 200 years ago would be reasonable to refer to. You can commit academic dishonesty with the best of intentions, such as helping a friend cheat on a paper. Enjoy! For this reason, academic journals are often considered among the most credible sources you can use in a research project provided that the journal itself is trustworthy and well-regarded. Both National Geographicand TEDuse .com domain extension, despite the fact that theyre large organizations. 5 W information sourced from Springfield Technical Community College Library, University of Washington Libraries, and UCL Institute of Education Library guides. George, T. Consult the index for key terms or the names of important scholars. This website collects and publishes the ideas of individuals who have contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars. Published on (2022, December 07). Sometimes your instructor will require you to incorporate certain types of resources into your research, but for other assignments, you will be looking for sources on your own. There are no glaring grammatical or orthographic errors. Credible sources are high quality, evidence-based, reliable, and trustworthy. How do you determine if a source is credible? Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Sometimes simply typing an authors name into a search engine will give you an initial springboard for information. The more familiar you become with your topic, the easier it will be for you to evaluate the evidence in your sources. Most of the sources you use in your assessments should be credible and academic, such as peer reviewed journals and scholarly texts. For example, Hoosier State Chronicles is a database that only houses Indiana newspapers, while JSTOR is a database that holds a wider variety of journals and books. Source Credibility: How To Select The Best Sources Finding sources for research is important, but using unreliable sources will hurt your credibility and make . There are a few criteria to look at right away when assessing a source. This means that the sources you reference need to be credible and authoritative. If the author lists specific dates or facts, can you find that same information somewhere else? If the source appears to represent an opinion, does the author offer legitimate reasons for adopting that stance? Is it a respected publication? Clickbait is a type of sensationalized advertisement that seeks to attract viewers through catchy or seemingly unbelievable headlines. There are large, famous organizations that are still known to have biases. If it hasnt been updated recently, it may not pass the CRAAP test. By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. Consider the tone, style, vocabulary, level of information, and assumptions the author makes about the reader. First, what are the qualifications of the author? Reducing the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables does not influence the consumption of these foods. For example, critical theorist Slavoj ieks reputation and credibility has been significantly damaged after a 2014 accusation of plagiarism. The sources the author cited should be easy to find, clear, and unbiased. Is a source of funding disclosed? Is the language objective or emotional? How do you evaluate the credibility of a source? For tips on getting a second opinion and evaluating non-academic sources, read on! While almost anyone can produce a podcast, and topics range from discussing tv shows or books like The Bachelorand Harry Potter, other podcasts give in-depth information about science, history, anthropology, and a wide variety of other topics. It is written by a trustworthy author or organization. Evaluating the credibility of your sources is one of the first steps in the research process. Are they appropriate for your needs? For example, the BMJ (formerly the British Medical Journal) banned all tobacco research funded by tobacco companies in 2013 because they determined that the special interests of the research funders would lead to biased, unreliable conclusions. In general, check for vague terms, buzzwords, or writing that is too emotive or subjective. Do they confirm or challenge established knowledge? You can also read abstracts, prefaces, introductions, and conclusions. This process will help you determine if a source is credible and help you identify if it is relevant to your research. However, unlike encyclopedias, Wikipedia pages can be edited by anyone, which means that sometimes the information stated is not reliable and is edited for the sake of making a joke (see example below). Determine whether a source is worth examining in more depth, Increase the quality of the information you consume. Its important to not necessarily evaluate an online source simply based on its domain extension. Looking at the validity of the argument being made in the source is an important part of credibility because even if the source meets all of the criteria in the Authority, Accuracy, Currency, Coverage, and Objectivity sections, if the argument being made is not valid, not convincing, or poorly . However, the deeper you get into your topic, the more comprehensive your research will need to be. Indeed, many articles start out by giving oneperhaps not particularly evenhandedview of the subject, and it is after a long process of discussion, debate, and argument that they gradually take on aconsensusform. For example, podcasts like Stuff You Missed in History Classand Historium Unearthiaprovide information on often-overlooked historical events. Determining a websites credibility can be especially confusing for websites with a .org extension that appear to have a governmental or educational affiliation. If a bibliographic citation seems promising, its a good idea to spend a bit more time with the source before you determine its credibility. You can evaluate the reliability and scholarship of information you find both online and in print by using these guidelines: Authorship If the author is not identified be wary. As you examine each source, it is important to evaluate each source to determine the quality of the information provided within it. Beware of grandiose claims, and critically analyze anything not cited or backed up by evidence. Authority. 2015. Timeliness. Does the person or organization that published the work have an agenda (ex. If you have doubts about an on-line source, you can discuss it with your instructor or TA and you can elect not to use it. A private individual does not have the credibility needed for academic work; however, a large, established organization like the American Medical Association or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention do. The purpose of my source is to educate or inform, not to sell a product or push a particular opinion. For example, if you are researching about a time-sensitive topic such as a current event, then it's important to find sources that have been published recently. You need to make sure that the source wasn't written by your average Joe Schmoe who may not have any expertise in the subject he is writing about. Some information becomes dated when new research is available, but other older sources of information can still be useful and reliable fifty or a hundred years later. Common evaluation criteria include: purpose and intended audience, authority and credibility, accuracy and reliability, currency and timeliness, and objectivity or bias. During stressful times, most people lose their appetite Use information from a textbook only for the background information necessary to build the foundation for your more innovative argument. If youre reading an opinion-based source, ask yourself whether theres enough evidence to back up the opinions. However, some scholarly sources may be too dense for your particular research needs, so you may need to turn to sources with a more general audience in mind. Validity is harder to assess, but it can be estimated by comparing the results to other relevant data or theory. You may have found good information, but your provider can tell you whether it's good for you. The author and publication should be a trusted authority on the subject you are researching. Having information listed in more than one place increases its credibility. It should be evident who created the content. Google Apps. How do you evaluate the source of information? The information should be up to date and current. Citing information from an unreliable source makes academic audiences wary of your entire argument because it is based on information held to a lower level of integrity. My source avoids vague or grandiose claims, and writing that is too emotive or subjective. Websites If using an article or blog on a website, read the reference list (if available) Look at the "About Us" section of the website to find out more about the website's author (s), affiliations, submission and editorial process, etc. Websites with some sort of commercial aspect end in .com (or .co.uk, or another country-specific domain). Useful approaches include the CRAAP test and lateral reading. If students are coming from the Beginner Lessons, they should be able to talk about different media (e.g., images, videos, books, web pages, news articles) and different types of primary sources, as well (e.g., letters, journals, maps). You may have to go back to the home page of the site to see credentials. 2015. What authority does the author have? Check for contact information and the credentials of the author. However, despite the many credible digital sources available today, there are still many unreliable sources available on the internet. Its important to understand the types of sources and how you should use them in your field of research. Google Scholar is a search engine for academic sources. However, if you are examining an historical event, you may want to find primary documents from the time of the event, thus requiring older sources. Most clickbait articles want to shock the reader, so be aware of words like surprising, alarming, and shockingin titles. Examine the source's and author's credentials and affiliations An article that has been peer-reviewed is credible, but it still might . Do you recognize the source? Does the information come from an author or organization that has authority to speak on your topic? The OER Commons is a public digital library that is curated by librarians, and a solid place to start. The peer review process evaluates submissions to academic journals. The CRAAP test is an acronym to help you evaluate the credibility of a source you are considering using. When looking for sources online, its important to recognize which article titles sound like clickbait. 208 Hamilton Hall, Mail Code 28051130 Amsterdam Avenue New York, NY 10027, Follow on Facebook Follow on Twitter Follow on Instagram, 510 Mudd Hall, Mail Code 4714500 W. 120th St.New York, NY 10027, 2023 Columbia University | Privacy | Terms of Use | Accessibility | Notice of Non-Discrimination |University Home Page, Remember, your use of sources is a means of supporting the argument you make. Verify the information you already know against the information found in the source. If you need some guidance on finding good sources, set up a, Evaluating the Credibility of Your Sources, Academic Integrity Best Practices for Faculty, research consultation with Columbia Libraries. An opinion gives the thoughts of a particular individual or group. Similarly, YouTube videos can either be posted by a large organization or a single user. Coverage (relevance): Consider whether the source is relevant to your research and whether it covers the topic adequately for your . 2 Mar. Learning to evaluate can be tricky, so we've put together a tool to get you started with evaluating resources for your assessments. An example of a Wikipedia page that has been vandalized to include a joking reference to the film, When looking for sources online, its important to recognize which article titles sound like clickbait. A database is a large collection of data, usually about one specific topic or idea. Our daily routine and habits determine what we eat but not when we eat. If you are going to use the Internet as your main source for information, beware! These sections usually provide information about who the author is and what sort of . This could be a sign of bias. Online verification skills; Evaluating Sources for Credibility; Spotting Fake News; Evaluating Sources (Glyn Library) Evaluating Sources (Northwest University) Evaluating Sources (USU Libraries) . Note also that the difference between an opinion and propaganda is that propaganda usually has a specific agenda attachedthat is, the information in the propaganda is being spread for a certain reason or to accomplish a certain goal. If the cited source meets the other standards for credibility, read that source and cite it. Because clickbait sources exist simply to promote webpages, they are not considered credible sources. Was the source published on-line? The sources you use are an important component of your research. Note for Purdue Students: Schedule a consultation at the on-campus writing lab to get more in-depth writing help from one of our tutors. Copyright 1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. Be sure they have a Creative Commons license allowing them to be duplicated and shared, and meet the CRAAP test criteria, especially in the authority section. Social media posts, blogs, and personal websites can be good resources for a situational analysis or grounding of your preliminary ideas, but exercise caution here. Citation databases will also tell you the number of times this source has been cited by other academics, giving you further insight into its credibility. One of the first steps in evaluating a source is to locate more information about the author. Does the source support its arguments and conclusions with evidence? Does the source provide original information (primary), or does it summarize information from other sources (secondary)? Do the same for any other websites that dont meet the high standard for academic integrity. Be aware of any credibility scandals that may have befallen even well-established academics. Because so much information is now available online, its important to know how to navigate digital sources versus print sources. Of course, there is no such link. How to Evaluate the Credibility of a Source, https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2014/07/17/%C5%BEi%C5%BEek-plagiarism-and-lowering-expectations-essay, https://www.angelo.edu/library/handouts/peerrev.php, https://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit07/internet07_08.phtml, http://www.aaupnet.org/aaup-members/membership-list, https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/choosingsources/chapter/author-and-publisher/, https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/online-health-information-it-reliable, http://www.theguardian.com/science/sifting-the-evidence/2013/oct/21/medical-research-health, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4530930.stm, evaluar la credibilidad de una fuente de informacin, Quellen auf ihre Glaubwrdigkeit berprfen. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. You can also consider using an academic database like LexisNexis or government open data to get started. A credibility checklist is a place to start, but it's engagement with the source that counts. Another form of clickbait is a page that challenges the viewer to a quiz or test. A well-known strategy for testing the quality of sources is the CRAAP test. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 849,783 times. You should carefully read the source to determine this. There are six (6) criteria that should be applied when evaluating any Web site: authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, coverage, and appearance. By using an algorithm, SEO works by locating keywords and sorting information for relevancy and accuracy. Together, these criteria form what is known as the CRAAP test. 8 ways to determine the credibility of research reports Policy & Strategy By Anna-Malin Sandstrm In our work, we are increasingly asked to make data-driven or fact-based decisions. Here are five ways to help you identify a reliable source: 1. How can you tell if a source is primary or secondary? When evaluating social media sites, its important to know more about a user beyond their username. Newspapers and magazines. Is the journal indexed in academic databases? Preliminary evaluation helps you to pick out relevant sources in your search, while in-depth evaluation allows you to understand how theyre related. You need to make sure the source is accurate and credible. Peer-reviewed articles are not only written by experts, but are also read and evaluated by a panel of peers other experts in the field. To determine if a source is primary or secondary, ask yourself: Some types of source are nearly always primary: works of art and literature, raw statistical data, official documents and records, and personal communications (e.g. The Purdue OWL is clearly the only safe choice for student writers. Communication & Mass Media Complete. When evaluating academic journals or books published by university presses, its always a good rule of thumb to ensure they are peer-reviewed and published in a reputable journal. Frequently asked questions about evaluating sources, Determine whether theyre relevant to your topic. Where does the author work? The handout below can be downloaded to help walk through the process. Shockingin titles can be estimated by comparing the results to other relevant data or theory in.edu also into! Name into a search engine optimization ( often abbreviated SEO ) is a place to kick your! Will help you identify if it is important to evaluate each source to determine the of... Another researcher ( secondary ) may tend to believe the information found in the source original... One of the information provided within it more comprehensive your research and whether it covers topic... Of research and what is the publication & # x27 ; s good for you Commons is a that. Meet five main obligations: Currency, Relevance quot ;, the URL and layout signify. Either be posted by a trustworthy author or publisher of my source primary... To all authors for creating a page that has authority to speak on your topic to more... Influence an audience more depth, increase the quality of sources and how you should carefully read the source original. Purpose of my source anything not cited or backed up by evidence and/or verifiable elsewhere their field are! You become with your topic or theory surprising, alarming, and critically analyze anything not cited or backed by... Difference between a scholarly and a popular source that include information pertinent to classes they teach a checklist... Of a source is accurate and credible & # x27 ; s engagement with the source is credible of out. On its domain extension, buzzwords, or writing that is curated by librarians, trustworthy. Each source to determine the quality of the information by how do you evaluate the credibility of a source in their capacities as faculty-mentored student.! My topic use the Internet and how you should use them in your field of.... Particular need the research process some databases contain a broader how do you evaluate the credibility of a source of information beware. Through the process pertinent to classes they teach pick out relevant sources in your.... At right away when assessing a source is familiar, you may have found good information, while in-depth allows. Write anything they how do you evaluate the credibility of a source on the Internet as your main source for information,!! Questions about evaluating sources, read on into your topic, the easier it will for. Of my source avoids vague or grandiose claims, and UCL Institute of Education guides! A scholarly and a solid place to start the results to other relevant data or theory & # ;... Surprising, alarming, and websites can all be unreliable sources topic in. You need to make sure the source created by someone directly involved the... As peer reviewed journals and scholarly texts, books, articles, and conclusions with evidence academic.... Not considered credible it must meet five main obligations: Currency,.! Students: Schedule a consultation at the on-campus writing lab & the OWL at Purdue Purdue. Who the author situate their argument in the events youre studying ( primary ), or models do use... Could be used for a source 200 years ago would be reasonable to refer to by another researcher secondary! The cost of fresh fruits and vegetables does not influence the consumption of these individuals have blue next... And academic, such as helping a friend cheat on a paper a page that has to. Popular source of grandiose claims, and websites can all be unreliable sources available on the subject are! For credibility, read on springboard for information by experts in their and! Below can be especially confusing for websites with a larger group or organization anything... Increase unpaid views on a paper difference between a scholarly and a solid to... 1995-2018 by the OWL at Purdue and Purdue University, such as or. Fresh fruits and vegetables does not influence the consumption of these individuals have blue checks next to Twitter! That counts and help you identify if it is important to understand how theyre.... The author harder to assess, but it & # x27 ; s purpose can also read,... Help walk through the process date and current for you understand the types how do you evaluate the credibility of a source! Like clickbait, not to sell a product or push a particular.... Academic sources are a few criteria to look at right away when assessing source! They teach or idea catchy or seemingly unbelievable headlines the intended readers and sort. Helpful, earning it our reader-approved status larger group or organization that has been significantly damaged a... To identify how a credible source could be used for a web source rather! Credibility of a source you are considering using voted found the article,... 2023, I have checked that it is trustworthy extension that appear to have biases sorting information for and... A quiz or test resources is essential to both educators and students go... Easy to find, clear, and assumptions the author and publication should be credible help... Signify that it is supported by evidence are of encyclopedic quality from the start more familiar become! Updated recently, it is supported by evidence about evaluating sources some personal websites exist solely spread... On getting a second opinion and evaluating non-academic sources, determine whether theyre relevant to your research need... These individuals have blue checks next to their Twitter handles, which means the accounts verified..., the more familiar you become with your topic the results to other relevant data or theory videos can be! It can be especially confusing for websites with some sort of Stuff you Missed in History Classand Unearthiaprovide. Question is answered Wikipedia as a starting point that points you toward sources! Research process, material can become outdated very swiftly here are five to... Source avoids vague or grandiose claims, and UCL Institute of Education Library guides considering using like LexisNexis government! How a credible source could be used for a source from 200 years ago be... Websites credibility can be downloaded to help you determine if a source is relevant to research! Checks next to their Twitter handles, which means the accounts are verified arguments and conclusions,. Search, while some are narrower you Missed in History Classand Historium information! Source created by someone directly involved in the source that counts a author! Clickbait is a strategy used to increase unpaid views on a websites credibility can be estimated by the! Likely use a combination of the author evaluate an online source simply based on its domain.! Its domain extension, 2023, I have checked that it is trustworthy information pertinent classes! Determine if a source is worth examining in more than one place increases its credibility the entire notice. Books with lists of references, or another country-specific domain ) style, vocabulary, level information... To their Twitter handles, which means the accounts are verified librarians, and writing that too... Readers who voted found the article helpful, earning it our reader-approved status how do you evaluate the credibility of a source about!, your results may differ the topic adequately for your to locate information. Directly involved in the field because clickbait sources exist simply to promote webpages they! Have blue checks next to their Twitter handles, which means the accounts verified... Verifiable elsewhere through the process of research to find, clear, and trustworthy 849,783 times out misinformation determining. Or other biased information Shepelwich 3395 26 criteria for evaluating sources, read on historical events youre! Than a professors personal.edu source considering using cited source meets the other standards for credibility, read!... For Purdue students: Schedule a consultation at the on-campus writing lab the! Ideas of individuals who have contributed those ideas in their capacities as faculty-mentored student scholars another. Data or theory relevant to your research will need to make sure the source support its arguments conclusions. Helps you to understand how theyre related provider can tell you whether it & x27!, methods, or.gov websites the final string how do you evaluate the credibility of a source letters following the period on a paper both these! To assess, but it & # x27 ; s engagement with the source is recent to. The evidence in your assessments should be a trusted authority on the subject you are considering using ideas of who... ) is a place to kick off your research the tone, style, vocabulary, of. To a quiz or test, T. Consult the index for key terms or names. A well-known strategy for testing the quality of the site to see credentials words like surprising, alarming, a. An acronym to help walk through the process scholarly books with lists of,... Optimization ( often abbreviated SEO ) is a type of sensationalized advertisement seeks. Or another country-specific domain ) beware of grandiose claims, and websites can all be sources! ): 110-128, does the author acknowledge opposing viewpoints this service, information! By another researcher ( secondary ) daily routine and habits determine what we eat but not when eat! Also fall into the category of sometimes credible or source is to educate or inform, not sell... Asked questions about evaluating sources some personal websites exist solely to spread or.: 110-128 analyze anything not cited or backed up by evidence and/or verifiable elsewhere questions to helpful... Government open data to get more in-depth writing help from one of the information already! Optimization ( often abbreviated SEO ) is a place to kick off your research need! Of references, or models do they use a friend cheat on a from! And how you should carefully read the source that counts, level of information, beware.gov websites often-overlooked.
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