American Foreign Policy in the First Indochina War. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 (. Answer (1 of 4): The Army lost the most which makes sense as they had the most number of soldiers serve in Vietnam. California (5,572 Estimated Casualties). An estimated two million civilians of all nationalities, including those of Cambodia and Laos, were killed in the fighting. [11][12][13][14] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. In 1995 Vietnam . According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. These are the most accurate estimates of the death tolls for each group of fighters: Civilians made up a large portion of the casualties in the Vietnam War. . No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). Not all of these were military personnel; nearly half of the deaths of the Vietnam War were the deaths of civilians caught in the fighting. Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History. "[56] Another Marine commander, Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr., added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon. Vietnam War. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1967, Fighting the North Vietnamese, 1984 . ; 1972 Easter Offensive - This saw 50,000 to 75,000 North Vietnamese combatants . These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. By the height of the Vietnam War in the late 1960's, the U.S. Air Force had 1,900 medics conducting medical operations in Southeast Asia. Regarding killed in action the 1st Marine Division was the unit with the highest . The following general rules are observed: (2) AVIATION UNIT PERSONNEL in the Navy, Marines, and Air Force are indexed at the, (3) NAVAL PERSONNEL, other than aviation personnel, are indexed by, * The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968." In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. It is suspected that over 1.2 million of these deaths were murders. An additional 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. Copies of WWII though Vietnam era (men born April 28, 1877 to March 28, 1957) Selective Service Records may be obtained from the National Personnel Records Center, in St. Louis, for a fee. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The dates of death . Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. 62. Many of these deaths were suspected to be murders, often targeting able-bodied young men who could pose a threat to the other side should they have chosen to join the military. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. Civilian deaths were partly caused by assassinations, massacres, and terror tactics. Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. The United States lost 58,220 known military personnel. Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. [93][94] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). Although demographers have developed a reper- [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. It is still a concern in Southeast Asia today. [89], The total number of casualties, both KIA and non-hostile deaths, for drafted and volunteer service personnel (figures are approximated):[90], During the Vietnam War, 30% of wounded service members died of their wounds. One of the first Black officers to lead a Special Forces team in combat will receive the Medal of Honor, the nation's top award for bravery on the battlefield, A South Korean court has ordered the government to pay $24,000 to a Vietnamese woman who survived a gunshot wound but lost several relatives when South Korean marines rampaged through her village during the Vietnam War in 1968, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden to award Medal of Honor to Vietnam-era Army officer, Court says South Korea responsible for Vietnam War massacre. Others are still yet to be discovered and over 1,200 Americans are still unaccounted for. 0. Australian special operations units would go out into the jungles of Vietnam for weeks at a time, often without saying a word to one another in order to maintain complete silence as they stalked the Northern troops through the jungles. 2,594,000 personnel served within the borders of South Vietnam. This was part of the Cold War effort to prevent the spread of Communism across the globe. Relations between the United States and Vietnam were stable in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, and peace was maintained. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. Both were present at the Battle of Ia Drang, the first large-scale engagement of the Vietnam War. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. [46], The ROK Capital Division reportedly perpetrated the Bnh An/Ty Vinh massacre in February/March 1966. This series contains records of U.S. military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or nonhostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North . Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The two countries finally resumed formal diplomatic relations in 1995. The costs and casualties of the growing war proved too much for the United States to bear, and U.S. combat units were withdrawn by 1973. Reference Information Paper 103", "From the Archives: President Nixon welcomes Marines home from Vietnam", "MILITARY: Marine unit that suffered most casualties coming home", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_units_with_the_highest_percentage_of_casualties_per_conflict&oldid=1125722100, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 13:58. The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. Many were never directly involved in the fighting, but rather were only caught in the crosshairs of South Vietnamese and North Vietnamese forces. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. 1968 Tet Offensive - Hanoi failed in its most ambitious goal of producing a general uprising in the South, it suffered more than 45,267 (mainly Viet Cong) deaths but gained a propaganda, political and strategic victory. Written requests should be mailed to: National Personnel Records Center, 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132-5100. Many deaths, however, were not completely targeted as they were the result of chance, being in the wrong place at the wrong time. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. This led to increased racial tension in the military. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. Furthermore, domestic unrest and the financial cost of war made peaceand troop withdrawalsa necessity, not a choice. AIR FORCE * Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. SOG had a casualty rate of 100 percenteveryone who served in SOG was either wounded, most multiple times, or . It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use. One study estimated that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. Since 1941 Congress has declared war only six times, all during World War II. Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. Officer casualties of all branches were overwhelmingly white. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. Casualty Data For The Vietnam War. The Vietnam War officially came to an end in 1975 when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam, unable to maintain the fight. Of those killed, 61% were younger than 21 years old. For more information see Vietnam War casualties and Aircraft losses of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos . Lochren) subtracted the muster figures (262-47=215)(82.1%) and asserted that "[every one of the] 215 [missing men] lay upon the field. North Vietnamese troops launched the Tet Offensive in January 1968, which was successful against South Vietnam and the U.S. 3% were Asian, 7 or . In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Around half a million Vietnamese children were born with birth defects because of its use, and American soldiers and their families report side effects from being exposed to the chemical. His estimate of total deaths is reflected in the table. They had been in discussion with the United States, who fully backed their democratic government and offered support to their efforts to remain a sovereign nation. A 1975 US Senate subcommittee estimated around 1.4 million civilian casualties in South Vietnam because of the war, including 415,000 deaths. She has an M.S.Ed. [27] Estimates for the number of North Vietnamese civilian deaths resulting from US bombing range from 30,00065,000. The "Holloway Database" effectively became the public's sole source of information regarding all our Vietnam dead. Who had the highest casualty rates in the Vietnam War? Ultimately, by the end of the war, India had suffered over two million fatalities. An estimate by the Department of Defense after the war gave a figure of 1.2 million civilian casualties, including 195,000 deaths. On February 26, 2007, President George W. Bush presented Crandall with the Medal of Honor for . Chrissy has taught secondary English and history and writes online curriculum. War on Terrorism, 2000-2014. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Those who argue that the United States opponents won the war cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes. From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. Battle of Hamburger Hill. Operation Rolling Thunder History & Facts | What Was Operation Rolling Thunder? This prompted the official start of the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. North Vietnam and the United States reached a peace agreement shortly after withdrawal. The Vietnam War was fought between 1954 (following the departure of the French) through 1975, when South Vietnam surrendered to North Vietnam. The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. How to Order a Draft Record. Material presented throughout this website is for historical and entertainment value only and should not to be construed as usable for hardware restoration, maintenance, or general operation. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. (1) GROUND FORCE PERSONNEL, including Army aviation, generally are indexed at the Regimental level but there are exceptions. The U.S. technically did not lose the Vietnam War, as they withdrew in 1973 to allow South Vietnam to fight their own battles. Shelby Stanton, writing in The Rise and Fall of an American Army, declined to include casualty statistics because of their 'general unreliability.' The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. He further suggests that 222,000 civilians may have been counted as enemy military deaths by the U.S. in compiling its "body count" raising the total to 627,000 killed. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. flashcard sets. The Vietnam War death toll is estimated to be around 3.8 million casualties in total. American Greatness, by Victor Davis Hanson Original Article. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Please direct all other inquiries to militaryfactory AT gmail.com. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . The Viet Cong amassed an estimated 2.3 million troops by 1975. The American death toll in the Vietnam War is currently known to be 58,220. The "Military Factory" name and MilitaryFactory.com logo are registered U.S. trademarks protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. And John Sullivan enlisted in the Navy after graduating high school and served as a second class machinist mate during the Vietnam War. The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. 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